For the following question, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II

For the following question, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II 

Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle; alignment determines independent assortment.

A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) VI
E) VIII


Answer: B

Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present. A) I only 

B) I and IV only
C) I and VIII only
D) II and VI only
E) I, II, III, and IV only


Answer: A

Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate. 

A) II 

B) III
C) IV
D) V
E) VII


Answer: E

To view and analyze human chromosomes in a dividing cell, which of the following is/are required?

To view and analyze human chromosomes in a dividing cell, which of the following is/are required? 

A) electron microscope
B) radioactive staining
C) fluorescent staining
D) DNA stain and a light microscope
E) a stain particular to human cells





Answer: D

When we see chiasmata under a microscope, that lets us know which of the following has occurred?

When we see chiasmata under a microscope, that lets us know which of the following has occurred? 

A) asexual reproduction
B) meiosis II
C) anaphase II
D) prophase I
E) separation of homologs






Answer: D

A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands?

A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands? 

A) two single-stranded chromosomes that have synapsed
B) two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed
C) four sets of sister chromatids
D) four sets of unique chromosomes
E) eight sets of sister chromatids





Answer: B

Experiments with cohesins have found that

Experiments with cohesins have found that 

A) cohesins are protected from destruction throughout meiosis I and II.
B) cohesins are cleaved from chromosomes at the centromere before anaphase I.
C) cohesins are protected from cleavage at the centromere during meiosis I.
D) a protein cleaves cohesins before metaphase I.
E) a protein that cleaves cohesins would cause cellular death.







Answer: C

Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties? 

A) They must persist throughout the cell cycle.
B) They must be removed before meiosis can begin.
C) They must be removed before anaphase can occur.
D) They must reattach to chromosomes during G1.
E) They must be intact for nuclear envelope reformation.






Answer: C

If an organism is diploid and a certain gene found in the organism has 18 known alleles (variants), then any given organism of that species can/must have which of the following?

If an organism is diploid and a certain gene found in the organism has 18 known alleles (variants), then any given organism of that species can/must have which of the following? 

A) at most, 2 alleles for that gene
B) up to 18 chromosomes with that gene
C) up to 18 genes for that trait
D) a haploid number of 9 chromosomes
E) up to, but not more than, 18 different traits






Answer: A

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? 

A) chromosome replication
B) synapsis of chromosomes
C) production of daughter cells
D) alignment of chromosomes at the equator
E) condensation of chromatin






Answer: B

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs. 

A) The statement is true for mitosis only.
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only.
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only.
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.





Answer: B

Chromatids are separated from each other.

Chromatids are separated from each other. 

A) The statement is true for mitosis only.
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only.
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only.
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.






Answer: E

A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different.

A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different. 

A) The statement is true for mitosis only.
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only.
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only.
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.







Answer: B

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? 

A) Homologous chromosomes are separated.
B) The chromosome number per cell is conserved.
C) Sister chromatids are separated.
D) Four daughter cells are formed.
E) The sperm cells elongate to form a head and a tail end.






Answer: A

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear? 

A) late prophase of meiosis I
B) during fertilization or fusion of gametes
C) early anaphase of meiosis I
D) mid-prophase of meiosis II
E) late metaphase of meiosis II





Answer: A

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis? 

A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.





Answer: D

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is 

A) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.
B) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
C) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.
D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.



Answer: D

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? 

A) Length and position of the centromere only.
B) Length, centromere position, and staining pattern only.
C) Length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes.
D) Length, centromere position, staining pattern, and DNA sequences.
E) They have nothing in common except they are X-shaped.





Answer: C

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. To be as different as they are from human cells, which have the same number of chromosomes, which of the following must be true?

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. To be as different as they are from human cells, which have the same number of chromosomes, which of the following must be true? 

A) Privet cells cannot reproduce sexually.
B) Privet sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory.
C) Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans.
D) Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs.
E) Genes on a particular privet chromosome, such as the X, must be on a different human chromosome, such as number 18.






Answer: C

Which of the following might result in a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?

Which of the following might result in a human zygote with 45 chromosomes? 

A) an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
B) failure of the egg nucleus to be fertilized by the sperm
C) fertilization of a 23 chromosome human egg by a 22 chromosome sperm of a closely related species
D) an error in the alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate
E) lack of chiasmata in prophase I






Answer: A

Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances?

Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances? 

A) a haploid animal cell
B) a diploid cell from a plant stem
C) any diploid animal cell
D) a plantlike protist
E) an archaebacterium






Answer: D

If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents? 

A) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
B) It has the same number of chromosomes but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis.
C) It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell.
D) It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell.
E) It is identical in content to another cell from the same meiosis.





Answer: A